What is cauda equina syndrome?
Cauda Equina Syndrome is a rare but serious condition where the nerves at the base of the spinal cord (called the cauda equina) become compressed. These nerves control the bladder, bowel, legs, and sensation in the groin area.
CES is a medical emergency.
If not treated quickly, it can lead to permanent paralysis, incontinence, or sexual dysfunction.
What causes CES?
- A slipped (herniated) disc in the lower back
- Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal)
- Spinal trauma or injury
- Tumours or infections affecting the spine
- Surgical complications
Warning signs – when to seek emergency help
If you have back or leg pain and experience any of the following symptoms, go to your nearest Emergency Department (A&E) immediately:
- Loss of feeling or pins and needles between your inner thighs or genitals (saddle area)
- Numbness in or around your back passage or buttocks
- Altered feeling when wiping after using the toilet
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Loss of bladder or bowel control (incontinence)
- Loss of sensation when passing urine or stool
- Sexual dysfunction (e.g. inability to achieve an erection or loss of genital sensation)
Diagnosis and treatment
- CES is diagnosed using MRI scans and clinical assessment.
- Urgent surgery is often required to relieve pressure on the nerves.
- The sooner treatment is given, the better the chances of recovery.
Recovery and outlook
- Recovery depends on how quickly treatment is received.
- Some people recover fully; others may have lasting symptoms.
- Physiotherapy, bladder and bowel training, and psychological support may be needed.
What you should do
- Do not delay. If you suspect CES, go to A&E immediately.
- Take this leaflet with you to help explain your symptoms.